Contribution of Neonatal Ultrasound Screening to Decrease Median Age at Diagnosis of Congenital Renal Anomalies

Introduction: Considering the fact that approximately 10% of children are born with various, mild or severe anomalies of the urinary system, and most of them remain asymptomatic until the development of complications, early diagnosis plays a crucial role in the prognosis of these patients. In the era of ultrasonography, an early diagnosis means a diagnosis established during intrauterine life, but considering the multiple traps of prenatal diagnosis, neonatal screening of these malformations has a major importance.
Material and methods: We have performed a retrospective study of the cases with congenital malformations of the urinary system, admitted to the 2nd Pediatric Clinic of Tîrgu Mureș, between January 2003 and December 2008. Concidering that between 2006 and 2008 neonatal ultrasound screening has been performed for these malformations, the patients were divided into two groups based on the year of admission. Establishment of the median age of patients with renourinary malformations was considered an important factor as it was aimed at emphasizing the role of neonatal screening in the early diagnosis of these anomalies.
Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis of congenital malformation of the urinary system in case of the 2003–2005 study group was 4.82 years. Using an ultrasound screening in the neonatal period, the mean age at the time of diagnosis of congenital malformations of the urinary system dropped to 50.9 months compared to 57.9 months calculated for the three years when this screening has not been performed.
Conclusion: In the absence of a neonatal ultrasound screening of congenital malformations of the urinary system, the diagnosis of these anomalies is established late, in most cases only at the time of occurrence of complications