Introduction: The association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus can accelerate the deterioration of immunological functions. The risks are even more accentuated in the situation of a Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection.
Case presentation: We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient, who was admitted at the hospital with non-specific symptoms. Further investigations reveal a remarkable particularity about the case: The infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was urogenital, whereas the one with Non-tuberculous mycobacteria was pulmonary.
Conclusion: Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous strains can exist within the same infection, posing great difficulties for diagnosis, as well as the treatment scheme.