Intralobar pulmonary sequestration with an aneurysmal celiac arterial feeder coexisting with superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report and literature review

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare bronchopulmonary foregut malformation characterized by the abnormal development of non-functional lung tissue enclosed by visceral pulmonary pleura, supplied by a systemic arterial blood supply, and lacking communication with the bronchial tree. The blood supply commonly arises from the thoracic or abdominal aorta. We reported a 44-year-old female who presented with vomiting and recent weight loss of about 20 kilograms in the last 6 months. The physical and biochemical examination was unremarkable. A contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan reveals signs of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), including a decreased aortomesenteric angle and aortomesenteric distance. The lower chest sections show an irregular consolidative lesion in the posterior segment of the Left lower lobe supplied by an aberrant aneurysmal vessel from the celiac artery, consistent with intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS). To our knowledge, co-occurrence of SMAS and ILS with a celiac aneurysmal feeder has not been previously reported, as both conditions affect organs of different locations and embryological origins. A literature review was conducted to examine the presentation and vascular supply of ILS.