Introduction: The role of bacterial infections on the onset and the development of male infertility is still highly controversial, as the clinical cases have different outcomes and the practitioners have no guidelines that will help them select the cases that could better benefit from antibiotic treatment.
Case presentation: Four case reports are presented in order to emphasize the possible clinical implications of genitourinary bacterial infections on male infertility. The first patient had two bacterial strains isolated from the semen culture, Escherichia coli, and then Enterococcus faecalis. The antibiotic treatment was not effective. The second patient had a semen culture positive with Enterococcus faecalis. The treatment was successful: the bacteria were eradicated and the patient was able to conceive a baby. Enterococcus faecalis was also identified in the third and the fourth case. These patients were able to conceive, despite the different clinical management strategies of the cases.
Conclusion: Bacterial prostatitis might play a role in male infertility, but the clinical cases are still highly unpredictable. Every case presents a different viewpoint and raises awareness of the complexity of the problem.