Category Archives: AMM 2026

Monitoring aeromicroflora to prevent nosocomial infections in critical hospital wards using Spin Air v2 technology

Attila-Zsigmond Orban, Iozsef-Loránd Ferencz

Department of Hygiene, George Emil Palade University of Medicine Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania

DOI: 10.2478/amma-2026-0010

Objective: The wider introduction of air quality monitoring in Romanian hospitals is essential for compliance with international standards of air quality. Effective monitoring enables rapid and targeted preventive interventions, particularly during infectious disease outbreaks.
Methods: The study was conducted in the operating rooms of the Gynecology Clinic and Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics Clinic of the Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital between March and July 2025. Air sampling was performed using the Spin Air v2 device (IUL, Barcelona, Spain), which filtered 100 liters of air per minute, and the samples were then cultured on blood agar. Samples exceeding 300 colony-forming units per cubic meter were classified as “unsuitable.” Statistical analyses were performed using JASP software (v0.19.3), Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test and chi-square test (p<0.05).
Results: A total of 41 samples were collected, 20 from the Gynecology Clinic and 21 from the Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics Clinic. Fifteen samples were found to be unsatisfactory, nine of which were from the Gynecology Clinic. No significant difference was observed between the two clinics, chi-square test (p=0.173).
Conclusion: This study found a significant proportion of inadequate air quality in operating rooms. These results demonstrate the need for active air quality monitoring to reduce the risk of developing potential hospital-acquired infections.

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Expression of latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein Barr Virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A baseline clinicopathologic study

Winnifred Christy A1, Uma Sudhakar2, Snophia Rani Rajamani2, Thalaimalai Saravanan3, David Praveenkumar D4, Arunkumar Nandagopal4

1. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr MGR Educational Research Institute, Chennai, India
2. Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
3. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
4. Vadamalayan Hospitals, Madurai, India

DOI: 10.2478/amma-2026-0009

Background: In addition to tobacco and alcohol, viruses with oncogenic potential may play a significant role. Epstein Barr virus being latent in oral cavity association of Epstein Barr Virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 expression may provide a link in development of oral cancer.
Aim: To find the association of Epstein Barr Virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma and to find the clinical outcomes of overexpression and non-expression of Latent Membrane Protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Materials and methods: This observational study comprised of 51 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who had never consumed tobacco or alcohol. The resected tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry to evaluate Epstein Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 overexpression. Overexpression of Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein1 was compared with various clinical and histological parameters using Chi square tests, Fisher’s test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with P value less than 0.05 being considered significant.
Results: Out of the 51 patients, 6 of them overexpressed Epstein Barr virus latent membrane 1 antigen out of which 2 patients had sharp tooth. Histologically 4 cases were grade 1 and 2 were grade 2. Disease free survival and overall survival was more in Epstein Barr virus latent membrane 1 overexpressed patients (28.6, 33.3 vs 19.8, 22.13)
Conclusion: Epstein Barr virus may be associated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and may influence survival rates in such patients.

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Cardiac myxoma: Clinical and pathological features of a rare benign primary heart neoplasm among Tuzla Canton patients

Jasna Salkić1, Nina Čamdžić2, Enisa Hodžić3, Elnur Smajić4

1. Polyclinic for Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Clinic for Heart, Blood Vessel and Rheumatic Diseases, Sarajevo University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
4. Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

DOI: 10.2478/amma-2026-0008

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of a rare benign primary cardiac tumour.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 13 patients diagnosed with cardiac myxoma (CM) over a six-year period. Patient data including demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, laboratory, echocardiographic, histopathological characteristics, surgical intervention details, and postoperative outcomes were reviewed.
Results: The mean age of patients included in the study was 57,69±13,47 (range 29 to 80 years), with a female predominance. The most common location of the tumour was left atrium (69.2%), followed by the right atrium (23.1%) and the left ventricle (7.7%). The most common clinical presentation included a combination of dyspnea, angina, fatigue and palpitations (76.9%). Followed by a syncope (15.4%), while one patient was asymptomatic. There was significant association with left ventricular location of CM and the presence of arrhythmia (p=0.004). Besides usually observed histological findings, glandular structures with mucin forming glands were present in 30.8% of cases and calcifications in 15.4%. All patients underwent surgical resection with favorable short-term outcomes.
Conclusion: Cardiac myxoma is a rare but clinically significant neoplasm requiring prompt diagnosis and surgical management. Echocardiography remains essential for detection, and histopathology reveals a spectrum of features. Despite the study’s small sample size, findings highlight the importance of early recognition and support the need for larger multicentric studies to better define its prevalence and behavior.

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Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with severe dengue virus infection: Case report

Gelithza Fernanda Tole Puentes1, María Mercedes Araque Jiménez2, Cesar Augusto Mosquera Ortiz3, Jhonatan Andrés Portes Ortiz4

1. Family Medicine Residency Program, Fundación Universitaria Navarra, Neiva, Colombia; Clinical Epidemiology, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
2. Family Medicine Residency Program, Fundación Universitaria Navarra, Neiva, Colombia
3. Family Medicine Residency Program, Fundación Universitaria Navarra, Hospital Federico Lleras Acosta, Ibagué, Colombia; Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Otology and Neurotology Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogota, Colombia
4. Family Medicine Residency Program, Fundación Universitaria Navarra,Neiva, Colombia; Family Medicine universidad el Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Clinical Epidemiology, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia

DOI: 10.2478/amma-2026-0007

Introduction: Dengue is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, prevalent in tropical regions, particularly in Latin America. Clinical manifestations range from mild illness to severe forms with multiorgan involvement. Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a sudden hearing impairment that can have multiple causes, significantly affecting functionality and quality of life, with a poor prognosis for recovery.
Case presentation: A 39-year-old woman with severe dengue, characterized by multiorgan dysfunction, developed auditory symptoms during hospitalization consistent with sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Audiological studies after discharge confirmed profound, irreversible hearing loss. No prior history or other causes were identified.
Conclusions: This case provides evidence of a possible association between severe dengue and sudden sensorineural hearing loss, likely due to immunoinflammatory and vascular mechanisms. It underscores the need for clinical vigilance for auditory symptoms in severe dengue and early intervention to prevent permanent hearing sequelae. Further studies are required to establish associations and pathophysiological mechanisms.

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Giant apocrine hidrocystoma of the scrotum: An uncommon benign tumor at an exceptional site

Mirsad Dorić, Nina Čamdžić

Department of Pathology, University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

DOI: 10.2478/amma-2026-0006

Introduction: Apocrine hidrocystoma (AH) is a rare, benign cystic tumour of apocrine glands, typically occurring in adults between 30 and 70 years of age without gender predilection. It most frequently affects the head and neck region, while genital localization, particularly in the scrotum, is exceedingly uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of giant scrotal apocrine hidrocystoma in an adult patient.
Case presentation: A 65-year-old male presented with a painless, translucent cystic nodule in the scrotal region gradually enlarging over several months. The lesion measured 45x30x25 mm and was surgically excised. Histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed, unencapsulated cystic lesion within the dermis, lined by two cell layers: an inner layer of apocrine cells exhibiting decapitation-type secretion and an outer myoepithelial layer. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated AE1/AE3 positivity in luminal cells, and p63 expression in myoepithelial cells, confirming the diagnosis of AH.
Conclusion: Apocrine hydrocystoma of the scrotum is an extremely rare benign lesion and therefore represents a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of this entity is essential to avoid misdiagnosis with other cystic or adnexal lesions.

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