Worldwide, chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain a significant public health challenge, causing millions of cases of liver disease globally.
The objective of this article is to highlight the need for testing and monitoring hepatitis B and C virus infections using Real-Time PCR, as well as to analyze the implementation of strategies for the eradication of hepatitis in accordance with WHO targets for 2030.
This narrative review highlights the necessity, performance, advantages, limitations, and challenges of implementing Real-Time PCR testing in clinical practice and public health policies for hepatitis B and C.
The results show that Real-Time PCR has superior sensitivity and specificity in the early detection of active infection and monitoring of viral load, facilitating optimal therapeutic management. Serological testing retains its essential role in initial screening, identifying exposure to viruses. Vulnerable groups, including hemodialysis patients, people who inject drugs, HIV-positive patients, healthcare workers, and marginalized populations, have increased prevalence and require prioritization in testing. The main limitations reported include unequal access to PCR technology and potential technical errors. Proposed strategies for improving testing include expanding access to molecular techniques, awareness campaigns, standardization of protocols, and international collaborations to support screening and treatment.
The conclusions emphasize that integrating serological testing with Real-Time PCR and focusing on vulnerable groups are crucial for achieving the objectives.